THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

033/1 BIOLOGY 1

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Year: 2023

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of eleven (11) questions.
2. Answer all the questions in the sections A and B and two (2) questions from section C.
3. Section A carries sixteen (16) marks, section B fifty four (54) marks and section C carries thirty (30) marks.
4. All writing should be in blue or black pen, except for diagrams that must be drawn in pencil.
5. Communication devices and any unauthorised materials are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (16 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

1. For each of the item (i) - (x). choose the correct answer from the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

(i) Which theory postulates that living organisms originated from non-living organisms?

1. Chemical evolution 
2. Cosmozoan 
3. Steady slate 
4. Special creation 
5. Spontaneous generation

(ii) Which part protects lungs from injury and shock?

1. Trachea 
2. Rib 
3. Bronchus
4. Epiglottis 
5. Diaphragm

(iii) A boy climbed a coconut tree to harvest coconuts. Unfortunately, he fell down and broke his upper arm. Which bone was broken? 

1. Ulna 
2. Humerus 
3. Radius 
4. Femur 
5. Tibia

(iv) A patient was confirmed suffering from meningitis at Maweni hospital. How can the disease be prevented from spreading?

1. Eliminating fleas 
2. Abstaining from sex
3. Isolating the patients 
4. Killing water snails
5. Cutting long grasses

(v) If a girl had the menstruation on 12^th August 2023. when would she experience the ovulation period, if she has 28 days' cycle?

1. 21 September 2023 
2. 8^th September 2023
3. 20^th August 2023 
4. 25^th August 2023
5. 31^th August 2023

(vi) What will be the genotype of the offsprings that will be produced in the first filial generation from a cross between parents of blood group with I^A I^O and I^B genotypes?

1. I^A I^A, I^B I^B, I^B I^O, I^A I^O  
2. I^A I^A, I^A I^B, I^A I^O, I^B I^O 
3. I^A I^B, I^O I^O, I^A I^O, I^A I^A
4. I^B I^O, I^A I^O, I^B I^B, I^A I^B
5. I^A I^A, I^A I^O, I^O I^O, I^B I^B

(vii) Which control measure would you recommend to a patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus'?

1. Reducing intake of sugary foods 
2. Limiting amount of water intake
3. Reducing intake of cholesterol foods 
4. Eating enough starch and water
5. Consuming a high fat food

(viii) Which group represents only the living things?

1. Dog, frog, stone and lizard 
2. Soil, water, mushroom and bee
3. Bee, moss. mushroom and frog 
4. Moss, soil, mushroom and lizard
5. Lizard, mushroom, water and soil

(ix) Which food chain represents the correct flow of energy in the ecosystem'?

1. Hawk → Grasses→ Grasshopper→ Lizard
2. Grasses→ Hawk →Lizard →Grasshopper 
3. Lizard→ Grasses →Grasshopper → Hawk
4. Grasses →Hawk→ Grasshopper→Lizard
5. Grasses→ Grasshopper→ Lizard →Hawk

(x) A blood vessel which takes away blood from the glomerulus is narrower than the blood vessel which enters blood into the glomerulus. What does it imply with respect to urine formation?

1. Creates low pressure for efficient filtration of blood
2. Increases surface area for selective reabsorption
3. Builds up high pressure for ultra-filtration of blood
4. Reduces diffusion distance (or faster filtration
5. Creates high pressure for ultra-filtration of urine

2. Match the functions of the parts of the ear in List A with their corresponding parts in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.

SECTION B (54 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.

3. Suppose your friends have been diagnosed with indigestion problem.

(a) What would be the major possible causes of this problem? Provide three points.

(b) Suggest four measures you would recommend to them to avoid the problem in future.

4. Suggest six ways to minimize the occurrence of miscarriage to the pregnant woman.

5. (a) Draw a diagram of human body and show the location of the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas gland and pituitary gland.

(b) Explain the role of the two hormones produced by the pancreas gland.

6. (a) Briefly explain the given terms as used in genetics: Sex limited characters.

(ii) Sex linked characters.

(iii) Sex influenced characters.

(b) Differentiate incomplete dominance from codominance.

7. ,Briefly explain six factors which affect the rate of physical deterioration of human being.

8. (a) Draw a diagram of the reproductive structures of a branch of pine tree and label its two parts.ui'

(b) Explain three advantages of the pine trees.

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two (2) questions from this section.

9. Poor waste disposal creates problems in the environment. In six points, justify this statement.

10. Adaptations of human heart in pumping blood.